Melatonin inhibits arrhythmias induced by increased late sodium currents in ventricular myocytes / 药学学报

Melatonin (Mel) has been shown to have cardioprotective effects, but its action on ion channels is unclear. In this experiment, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Mel on late sodium currents (INa.L) in mouse ventricular myocytes and the anti-arrhythmic effect at the organ level as well as its mechanism. The whole-cell patch clamp technique was applied to record the ionic currents and action potential (AP) in mouse ventricular myocytes while the electrocardiogram (ECG) and monophasic action potential (MAP) were recorded simultaneously in mouse hearts using a multichannel acquisition and analysis system. The results demonstrated that the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of Mel on transient sodium current (INa.T) and specific INa.L opener 2 nmol·L-1 sea anemone toxins II (ATX II) increased INa.L were 686.615 and 7.37 μmol·L-1, respectively. Mel did not affect L-type calcium current (ICa.L), transient outward current (Ito), and AP. In addition, 16 μmol·L-1 Mel shortened ATX II-prolonged action potential duration (APD), suppressed ATX II-induced early afterdepolarizations (EADs), and significantly reduced the incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) in Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts. In conclusion, Mel exerted its antiarrhythmic effects principally by blocking INa.L, thus providing a significant theoretical basis for new clinical applications of Mel. Animal welfare and experimental process are in accordance with the regulations of the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Wuhan University of Science and Technology (2023130).

A Clinical and Anatomical Study on the Localization of the Temporal Branch of the Facial Nerve Crossing the Zygomatic Arch / Estudio Clínico y Anatómico sobre la Localización del Ramo Temporal del Nervio Facial que Cruza el Arco Cigomático

SUMMARY: To clarify the path of the temporal branch of facial nerve (TB) crossing the zygomatic arch (ZA). Eighteen fresh adult heads specimens were carefully dissected in the zygomatic region, with the location of TB as well as its number documented. The hierarchical relationship between the temporal branch and the soft tissue in this region was observed on 64 P45 plastinated slices. 1. TB crosses the ZA as type I (21.8 %), type II (50.0 %,), and type III (28.1 %) twigs. 2. At the level of the superior edge of the ZA, the average distance between the anterior trunk of TB and the anterior part of the auricle is 36.36±6.56 mm, for the posterior trunk is 25.59±5.29 mm. At the level of the inferior edge of the ZA, the average distance between the anterior trunk of TB and the anterior part of the auricle is 25.77±6.19 mm, for the posterior trunk is 19.16±4.71 mm. 3. The average length of ZA is 62.06±5.36 mm. TB crosses the inferior edge of the ZA at an average of 14.67±6.45 mm. TB crosses the superior edge of the ZA at an average of 9.08±4.54 mm. 4. At the level of the ZA, TB passes on the surface of the pericranium while below the SMAS. The TB obliquely crosses the middle 1/3 part of the superior margin of the ZA and the junction of the middle 1/3 part and the posterior 1/3 part of the inferior margin of the ZA below the SMAS while beyond the periosteum. It is suggested that this area should be avoided in clinical operation to avoid the injury of TB.

El objetivo de estudio fue esclarecer el trayecto del ramo temporal del nervio facial (RT) que cruza el arco cigomático (AC). Se disecaron la región cigomática de 18 especímenes de cabezas sin fijar de individuos adultas y se documentó la ubicación del RT y su número de ramos. La relación jerárquica entre el ramo temporal y el tejido blando en esta región se observó en 64 cortes plastinados o P45. 1º El RT cruza el AC como tipo I (21,8 %), tipo II (50,0 %) y tipo III (28,1 %). 2º A nivel del margen superior del AC, la distancia promedio entre el tronco anterior de RT y la parte anterior de la aurícula fue de 36,36±6,56 mm, para el tronco posterior fue de 25,59±5,29 mm. A nivel del margen inferior del AC, la distancia promedio entre el tronco anterior del RT y la parte anterior de la aurícula era de 25,77±6,19 mm, para el tronco posterior era de 19,16±4,71 mm. 3º La longitud media de RT fue de 62,06±5,36 mm. EL RT cruzaba el margen inferior del AC a una distancia media de 14,67±6,45 mm. El RT cruzaba el margen superior del AC a una distancia media de 9,08±4,54 mm. 4º Anivel del AC, el RT pasaba por la superficie del pericráneo mientras se encuentra por debajo del SMAS. El RT cruza oblicuamente el tercio medio del margen superior del AC y la unión del tercio medio y el tercio posterior del margen inferior del AC por debajo del SMAS, más allá del periostio. Se sugiere que esta área debe evitarse en la operación clínica para evitar la lesión de la RT.

Evaluation on the effect of standardized training of intravenous therapy nursing technology for community nurses / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To provide basis for carrying out standardized training courses of intravenous therapy nursing technology for community nurses and improving the level of intravenous therapy for community nurses.Methods:This was a quasi experimental study. From May to July 2020, 260 nurses from 20 community health service institutions in Dalian were investigated with the convenient sampling method and self-designed evaluation scale for venous treatment nursing skills of community nurses and were given standardized training. The changes of venous treatment nursing skills of community nurses before and after training were compared.Results:The scores of theoretical knowledge, skill operation, complication nursing and health education of the intravenous therapy nursing skill evaluation scale for community nurses after training were (15.32 ± 1.67), (18.26 ± 2.46), (19.32 ± 1.57) and (16.33 ± 1.02) points, which were higher than (10.23 ± 2.43), (12.35 ± 3.42), (14.36 ± 2.48) and (12.31 ± 1.47) points before training. The difference was statistically significant ( t values were 1.32-2.46, all P<0.05). After the training, the total score of the evaluation scale of community nurses' intravenous treatment nursing skills was (77.41 ± 1.21)points, which was higher than that before the training (55.38 ± 1.35) points, with a statistically significant difference ( t=2.38, P<0.05). Conclusions:Higher medical institutions should construct venous treatment training group, strengthen the training of community nurses on intravenous therapy, improve the quality of community intravenous therapy services, and promote the better functioning of community health service institutions.

A qualitative study on the suggestion of key nursing techniques and procedure optimization by medical staffs for patients with nuclear exposed in hospital / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To understand the views and suggestions of medical staff on the key nursing techniques and norms of in-hospital treatment of patients with nuclear exposure, so as to provide reference for the continuous optimization of follow-up processes.Methods:From September to October 2021,purpose sampling was adopted to select doctors and nurses who engaged in medical emergency rescue of nuclear exposure-related work in two divisions of the Nuclear Accident Medical Emergency Center of the National Health Commission as the research subjects, using a combination of online and offline methods to carry out semi-structured interviews with 6 research subjects,using content analysis methods in descriptive research for data analysis.Results:A total of four themes were refined including the need for the establishment of nursing technology and process specification for nuclear accident emergency rescue specialty; the need for specialized training of nursing technology in nuclear accident emergency rescue; the need for the construction of specialized nursing team for nuclear accident emergency rescue; the need to strengthen the closeness of multi-team cooperation.Conclusions:The current in-hospital care technology and processes for nuclear exposed patients need to be further refined and standardized, and in the future, we need to establish a perfect in-hospital care technology and processes for nuclear exposed patients, and according to the corresponding technology and processes, strengthen nursing staff professional training and simulation training in nuclear accident emergency rescue, and establish a nuclear emergency rescue professional nursing team to promote the development of nuclear accident emergency rescue nursing specialists.

Analysis of biochemical and genetic screening results for neonatal methylmalonic acidemia / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To investigate the incidence rate and gene variation of methylmalonic academia (MMA) in Ji′nan city by analyzing biochemical and genetic screening results, and to explore the carrier frequency of MMA-related pathogenic genes in the population in Ji′nan.Methods:The children diagnosed with MMA by tandem mass spectrometry screening in Ji′nan Neonatal Disease Screening Centre from May 2011 to May 2022 were enrolled in this study.Their genetic test results were retrospectively analyzed and summarized.The dried heel blood tablets collected from 6 800 newborns were tested for neonatal gene screening. MMAA, MMAB, MMACHC and MMUT genes in 4 800 cases were detected by high-throughput sequencing+ target area capture technology.Ultra-multiplex polymerase chain reaction+ target gene locus capture technology was used to detect 174 target loci of 8 genes related to MMA in 2 000 cases.The hotspot mutation and related gene carrier rate of MMA were analyzed. Results:A total of 367 452 newborns were screened by tandem mass spectrometry, and 103 cases (56 males and 47 females) were diagnosed with MMA by screening.The estimated incidence of MMA was 1∶3 567.Among the 103 MMA cases, 76 were genetically diagnosed, and 4 gene variants of MMA ( MMAHC, MMUT, MMAA, MMADHC) were identified.A total of 6 800 neonates underwent neonatal genetic screening.Three of them were diagnosed with MMA.About 318 infants carried pathogenic variants of MMA, with a total carrier rate of 4.68%.Specifically, the carrier rates of MMACHC and MMUT gene variants were 3.09%(210/6 800) and 1.43% (97/6 800), respectively. Conclusions:MMA is the most common organic acid metabolism disorder in our country.The incidence and carrier rate of this disease are high in Jinan city.Neonatal genetic screening is an important supplement to neonatal biochemical screening.Carrier screening for MMA-related pathogenic genes is recommended for couples of childbearing age in Jinan.

Application of tracheal catheter extraction before consciousness recovery under general anesthesia in patients with hypertension / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Extubation during the recovery period of general anesthesia patients often causes hemodynamic fluctuations and increases myocardial oxygen consumption, which is easy to cause myocardial hypoxia, ischemia and cardiovascular complications. Especially for patients with hypertension, hemodynamic fluctuation is more obvious, and the risk of anesthesia is greater. The timing of tracheal catheter extubation is one of the key factors affecting cardiovascular reactions and related complications. This paper reported the data of 35 patients with hypertension who underwent general anesthesia from May. 2020 to Jun. 2021 in Wuhu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and analyzed the technical advantages of tracheal catheter removal before consciousness recovery under general anesthesia.

Preparation of a polypeptide fluorescent probe based on aggregation induced luminescence and its application in the detection of early dental caries / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective:To prepare a peptide fluorescent probe based on aggregation-induced emission and to investigate its application in the detection of early caries.Methods:Eight aspartate-serine-serine (DSS) were combined with aggregation-induced emission material to prepare peptide fluorescent probes, and an artificial demineralization model was established in vitro. The samples were immersed in the peptide fluorescent probe solution for 1 min, and a fluorescence imaging system was applied to examine the tooth samples and collect images and fluorescence data. Scanning electron microscopy was also applied to observe the phenotype of the teeth, and electron microscopy was applied to detect the calcium-phosphorus ratio on the enamel surface of the teeth. Polarized light microscopy was also applied to observe the enamel area of the teeth. Results:The fluorescence intensity of demineralized teeth was clearly observed to be lower than that of normal teeth in the peptide fluorescent probe-treated area, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the enamel surface of the demineralized group had more irregular pores, while the enamel surface of the undemineralized group was flatter with only some irregular accumulation of flakes. The results of polarized light microscopy showed that a clear birefringence could be observed in the enamel region of normal teeth, while a black area or the disappearance of the birefringence effect accompanied by a partial black dark shadow could be observed in the enamel region of demineralized teeth. Conclusions:An aggregation-induced luminescence-based peptide fluorescent probe was successfully prepared, which can precisely localize the enamel and show some application value in early caries detection.

Chronic kidney disease and cerebral microbleeds / 国际脑血管病杂志

Because the brain and kidneys share a common basis for small vessel lesions, the related research on cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is gradually increasing. The development of neuroimaging technology has significantly increased the detection rate of CMBs, but there is still controversy over whether CKD will increase the incidence of CMBs. This article reviews the relationship between CKD and CMBs, pathogenesis, biomarkers, and treatment.

Agreement of corneal high-order aberrations measured by three wavefront aberrometers in myopic adults / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To evaluate the agreement of corneal high-order aberrations from Topcon KR-1W, i.Profiler and OPD-Scan Ⅲ wavefront aberrometers in myopic adults.METHODS:A prospective clinical study. A total of 92 adult patients(92 eyes)with myopia in the department of optometry, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from June to August 2022 were enrolled. The third-order and fourth-order corneal aberrations at the pupil diameter of 4 and 6mm were measured by Topcon KR-1W, i.Profiler, and OPD-Scan Ⅲ, respectively. The difference and agreement of the three aberrometers were evaluated.RESULTS: The measurements at 6mm pupil diameter were all greater than those at 4mm pupil diameter. Although there were no statistical differences in the measurements of Z-44、Z-24 by the three aberrometers at 4 pupil diameter(P&#x003E;0.05), there were statistical differences in other measurements(P&#x003C;0.05). The aberration results measured by the three aberrometers were statistically different at the 6mm pupil diameter(P&#x003C;0.05). The 95% limit of agreement(95%LoA)of the measurements of higher-order aberration, including the third-order aberrations at 4mm pupil diameter and the third-order and fourth-order aberrations at 6mm pupil diameter(except for the Z-24)were greater than 0.1μm. The concordance correlation coefficient(Pc)was lower than 0.90, indicating a poor consistency. The correlation coefficients of corneal higher-order aberrations were significantly different among the three aberrometers at 4 and 6mm pupil diameter(r4mm=0.215～0.805, P4mm&#x003C;0.05; r6mm=0.561～0.916, P6mm&#x003C;0.001).CONCLUSION:There were significant differences in the measurements of the third- and fourth-order corneal aberrations at 4 and 6mm pupil diameter among Topcon KR-1W, i.Profiler, and OPD-Scan Ⅲ, and the agreements were poor, so they are not interchangeably in clinical applications.

Progress in imaging and functional assessment of myopic fundus tessellation changes / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Myopia has become a serious global burden of visual impairment and blindness, and the World Health Organization has included the prevention and treatment of myopia in its global blindness prevention program. Many ocular pathological alterations that follow from advanced myopia could cause visual impairment and even blindness in severe situations. Myopia is becoming more prevalent and has a greater impact on young people. Myopia's social repercussions are becoming more widely known. One of the several fundus alterations linked to myopia is tessellated fundus, which is the earliest lesion in the natural course of myopic fundus lesions and an important clinical marker for the development of retinopathy. Currently, there are several different methods of grading fundus tessellation, all of which are graded subjectively by fundus color photography. One can investigate the morphological characteristics and functional status of the tessellated fundus with ophthalmoscope, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, electroretinogram, microperimetry and other modal images. In this study, the imaging properties and common applications of the tessellated fundus are reviewed to provide appropriate resources for clinical ophthalmology.

Research progress on cirrhosis reversal and recompensation / 中华肝脏病杂志

Previously, liver lesions in cirrhosis were considered irreversible, especially because the condition aggravated gradually after entering the decompensated phase, thus making it difficult to return to the compensated phase. At present, more and more evidence shows that some patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis can be recompensated after the cause is controlled and complications are managed. This article explores the research progress related to LC reversal and recompensation from three aspects: liver histopathology, liver function, and clinical complications.

Three cases of occupational acute trimethyltin chloride poisoning / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Trimethyltin chloride is a highly toxic substance, which is absorbed through respiratory tract, skin and digestive tract, with central nervous system injury as the main clinical manifestations, and can be accompanied by damage to various organs. In this paper, the treatment process of 3 patients with acute trimethyltin chloride poisoning was reviewed, and their clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination, diagnosis and treatment were analyzed. Three patients were misdiagnosed as mental abnormality, encephalitis, and hepatic encephalopathy in different hospitals in the early stage of medical treatment, suggesting that clinicians should pay attention to the occupational contact history of poisoned patients and conduct toxicant detection in time to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment.

Three cases of acute chlorfenapyr poisoning / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

This paper reported 3 cases of poisoning caused by chlorfenagyr. Chlorfenapyr poisoning has gradually increased in clinical practice. The early stage after poisoning is digestive tract symptoms, followed by sweating, high fever, changes in consciousness, changes in myocardial enzymology, etc. Its main mechanism of intoxication is uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. Since there is no specific antidote after poisoning, the fatality rate of chlorfenapyr poisoning remains high. The therapeutic measures are early gastrointestinal decontamination, symptomatic and supportive treatments, and early blood purification may be an effective treatment.

Correlation between contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameters and Crohn's disease activity / 中华内科杂志

Objective: By investigating the correlation between quantitative parameters of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and commonly used activity assessment indicators of Crohn's disease (CD), and comparing the predictive power of laboratory inflammatory indicators with CEUS on Crohn's disease (CD), the significance of CEUS was evaluated. Methods: A case-control study. From October 2019 to December 2021, the clinical data of 67 patients with CD who were diagnosed by endoscopy and underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasonography were retrospectively analyzed in the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, and their routine ultrasound and CEUS parameters, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), fecal calprotectin (FC), Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) and simplified endoscopic score for Crohn's disease (SES-CD) were collected. Using SES-CD as the standard, the patients were divided into a remission group and an active group, and the correlation of laboratory inflammatory indexes and contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameters with CDAI and SES-CD were evaluated. Besides, the ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive efficacy of each index on CD endoscopic activity. Results: A total of 67 patients were included in this study. According to the SES-CD score, there were 17 patients in the remission group and 50 patients in the active group. Except for the coefficient of the enhancement wash in slope and time to peak (TTP), the peak intensity (PI), area under the angiography curve, and laboratory inflammatory indexes were significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05), which also showed a moderate positive correlation with CDAI and SES-CD (P<0.05). ROC analysis showed that among the non-invasive indicators, PI and area under the angiography curve had the highest AUCs for predicting CD endoscopic activity, which were 0.912 and 0.891, respectively; with SES-CD taking >3 as the cut-off value, the corresponding sensitivities were 78.0% and 72.0%, with specificities of 100.0% and 94.1%, respectively. Conclusion: CEUS can objectively and repeatedly evaluate the disease activity of CD patients, and has great clinical application value, which can be used as a reliable imaging method for diagnosis and follow-up of patients with Crohn's disease.

A case of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 32 caused by MRPS34 gene variation and literature review / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical features and genetic features of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 32 (COXPD32) caused by MRPS34 gene variation. Methods: The clinical data and genetic test of a child with COXPD32 hospitalized in the Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics in March 2021 were extracted and analyzed. A literature search was implemented using Wanfang, China biology medicine disc, China national knowledge infrastructure, ClinVar, human gene mutation database (HGMD) and Pubmed databases with the key words "MRPS34" "MRPS34 gene" and "combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 32" (up to February 2023). Clinical and genetic features of COXPD32 were summarized. Results: A boy aged 1 year and 9 months was admitted due to developmental delay. He showed mental and motor retardation, and was below the 3rd percentile for height, weight, and head circumference of children of the same age and gender. He had poor eye contact, esotropia, flat nasal bridge, limbs hypotonia, holding instability and tremors. In addition, Grade Ⅲ/6 systolic murmur were heard at left sternal border. Arterial blood gases suggested that severe metabolic acidosis with lactic acidosis. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple symmetrical abnormal signals in the bilateral thalamus, midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. Echocardiography showed atrial septal defect. Genetic testing identified the patient as a compound heterozygous variation of MRPS34 gene, c.580C>T (p.Gln194Ter) and c.94C>T (p.Gln32Ter), with c.580C>T being the first report and a diagnosis of COXPD32. His parents carried a heterozygous variant, respectively. The child improved after treatment with energy support, acidosis correction, and "cocktail" therapy (vitaminB1, vitaminB2, vitaminB6, vitaminC and coenzyme Q10). A total of 8 cases with COXPD32 were collected through 2 English literature reviews and this study. Among the 8 patients, 7 cases had onset during infancy and 1 was unknown, all had developmental delay or regression, 7 cases had feeding difficulty or dysphagia, followed by dystonia, lactic acidosis, ocular symptoms, microcephaly, constipation and dysmorphic facies(mild coarsening of facial features, small forehead, anterior hairline extending onto forehead,high and narrow palate, thick gums, short columella, and synophrys), 2 cases died of respiratory and circulatory failure, and 6 were still alive at the time of reporting, with an age range of 2 to 34 years. Blood and (or) cerebrospinal fluid lactate were elevated in all 8 patients. MRI in 7 cases manifested symmetrical abnormal signals in the brainstem, thalamus, and (or) basal ganglia. Urine organic acid test were all normal but 1 patient had alanine elevation. Five patients underwent respiratory chain enzyme activity testing, and all had varying degrees of enzyme activity reduction. Six variants were identified, 6 patients were homozygous variants, with c.322-10G>A was present in 4 patients from 2 families and 2 compound heterozygous variants. Conclusions: The clinical phenotype of COXPD32 is highly heterogenous and the severity of the disease varies from development delay, feeding difficulty, dystonia, high lactic acid, ocular symptoms and reduced mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activity in mild cases, which may survive into adulthood, to rapid death due to respiratory and circulatory failure in severe cases. COXPD32 needs to be considered in cases of unexplained acidosis, hyperlactatemia, feeding difficulties, development delay or regression, ocular symptoms, respiratory and circulatory failure, and symmetrical abnormal signals in the brainstem, thalamus, and (or) basal ganglia, and genetic testing can clarify the diagnosis.

Cardiac amyloidosis: pathological classification and clinical analysis of 48 cases / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the histological features and clinical manifestations in different types of cardiac amyloidosis to improve diagnostic accuracy. Methods: The histopathological features and clinical manifestations of 48 patients diagnosed with cardiac amyloidosis by Congo red stain and electron microscopy through endomyocardial biopsy were collected in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2018 to December 2021. Immunohistochemical stains for immunoglobulin light chains (κ and λ) and transthyretin protein were carried out, and a review of literature was made. Results: The patients age ranged from 42 to 79 years (mean 56 years) and the male to female ratio was 1.1 to 1.0. The positive rate of endomyocardial biopsy was 97.9% (47/48), which was significantly higher than that of the abdominal wall fat (7/17). Congo red staining and electron microscopy were positive in 97.9% (47/48) and 93.5% (43/46), respectively. Immunohistochemical stains showed 32 cases (68.1%) were light chain type (AL-CA), including 31 cases of AL-λ type and 1 case of AL-κ type; 9 cases (19.1%) were transthyretin protein type (ATTR-CA); and 6 cases (12.8%) were not classified. There was no significant difference in the deposition pattern of amyloid between different types (P>0.05). Clinical data showed that ATTR-CA patients had less involvement of 2 or more organs and lower N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) than the other type patients (P<0.05). The left ventricular stroke volume and right ventricular ejection fraction of ATTR-CA patients were better than the other patients (P<0.05). Follow-up data of 45 patients was obtained, and the overall mean survival time was 15.6±2.0 months. Univariate survival analysis showed that ATTR-CA patients had a better prognosis, while cardiac amyloidosis patients with higher cardiac function grade, NT-proBNP >6 000 ng/L, and troponin T >70 ng/L had a worse prognosis (P<0.05). Multivariate survival analysis showed that NT-proBNP and cardiac function grade were independent prognostic factors for cardiac amyloidosis patients. Conclusions: AL-λ is the most common type of cardiac amyloidosis in this group. Congo red staining combined with electron microscopy can significantly improve the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis. The clinical manifestations and prognosis of each type are different and can be classified based on immunostaining profile. However, there are still a few cases that cannot be typed; hence mass spectrometry is recommended if feasible.

Establishment of a recombined mannose-binding lectin protein-magnetic beads-enriched binding recombinant enzyme-assisted polymerase chain reaction assay for Candida in blood samples / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To establish a nested recombinant enzyme-assisted polymerase chain reaction (RAP) technique combined with recombined mannose-binding lectin protein (M1 protein)-magnetic beads enrichment for the detection of Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Candida tropicalis (C. tropicalis) in blood samples for the early diagnosis of candidemia albicans and candidiemia tropicalis. Methods: The primer probes for highly conserved regions of the internal transcribed spacerregions of C. albicans and C. tropicalis were deigned to establish RAP assays for the detections of C. albicans and C. tropicalis; The sensitivity and reproducibility of nucleic acid tests with gradient dilutions of standard strains and specificity of nucleic acid tests with common clinical pathogens causing bloodstream infection were condcuted. M1 protein-magnetic bead enriched plasma C. albicans and C. tropicalis were used for RAP and PCR in with simulated samples and the results were compared. Results: The sensitivity of the established dual RAP assay was 2.4-2.8 copies/reaction, with higher reproducibility and specificity. M1 protein-magnetic bead enrichment of pathogen combined with the dual RAP assay could complete the detections of C. albicans and C. tropicalis in plasma within 4 hours. Fie the pathogen samples at concentration <10 CFU/ml, the number of the samples tested by RAP was higher than that tested by PCR after enrichment. Conclusion: In this study, a dual RAP assay for the detections of C. albicans and C. tropicalis in blood sample was developed, which has the advantages of accuracy, rapidity, and less contaminants and has great potential for rapid detection of Candidemia.

Effect of health management service for hypertension patients under framework of Basic Public Health Service Project: a regression discontinuity design / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the effect of health management service on hypertension patients (HMSFHP) under the framework of the Basic Public Health Service Project by using regression discontinuity design. Methods: The participants were enrolled from an observational cohort survey in 2015 and followed up was conducted in 2019. The participants with SBP 130-150 mmHg and/or DBP 80-100 mmHg in the baseline survey of the cohort in 2015 were included in the present study. Additionally, we obtained the dates of participants receiving HMSFHP and their blood pressure data from follow-up records, physical examination records and telephone interview. The participants were divided into intervention group and control group based on the cutoff points, i.e. SBP ≥140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥90 mmHg. The local linear regression model were used to estimate the effect of HMSFHP on reducing blood pressure of the participants. Results: After adjusting for age, sex and time length of receiving HMSFHP, the results of the model including participants with 80-100 mmHg for DBP in 2015 indicated that, for the participants who received HMSFHP, the DBP decreased by 6.66 mmHg from 2015 to 2019. For the participants with SBP 130-150 mmHg in 2015, the reduction estimate of the model was -6.17 mmHg, the difference was not significant (P=0.178), suggesting that receiving HMSFHP did not cause change in SBP for the participants who received HMSFHP. Conclusion: Receiving HMSFHP had effect to reduce DBP, and HMSFHP had a positive effect on the control of blood pressure in patients with hypertension.

Advances in basic research on choline and central nervous system development and related disorders / 中华预防医学杂志

Choline is an essential nutrient that plays an integral role in all stages of the life cycle, with increasing interest in the relationship between choline and neurodevelopment. Choline is a major component in the synthesis of phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and sphingolipids, and is an essential nutrient for methyl metabolism, acetylcholine synthesis and cell signaling. Choline plays an important role in neurogenesis and neural migration during fetal development, potentially influencing the development and prognosis of neurological disorders, but its mechanism of action is not yet clear. This article reviews the source and metabolism of choline, the effects and mechanism of choline on neurodevelopment and central nervous system related disorders.

Developmental effects of TCIPP and TnBP on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the toxicity of tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and tributyl phosphate (TnBP) on the growth and development of zebrafish embryos, as well as to explore the underlying mechanisms at the transcriptional level. Methods: With zebrafish as a model, two hpf zebrafish embryos were exposed to TCIPP and TnBP (0.1, 1, 10, 100, 500, and 1 000 μmol/L) using the semi-static method, and their rates of lethality and hatchability were determined. The transcriptome changes of 120 hpf juvenile zebrafish exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of 0.1 and 1 μmol/L were measured. Results: The 50% lethal concentrations (LC50) of TCIPP and TnBP for zebrafish embryos were 155.30 and 27.62 μmol/L (96 hpf), 156.5 and 26.05 μmol/L (120 hpf), respectively. The 72 hpf hatching rates of TCIPP (100 μmol/L) and TnBP (10 μmol/L) were (23.33±7.72)% and (91.67±2.97)%, which were significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05). Transcriptome analysis showed that TnBP had more differential genes (DEGs) than TCIPP, with a dose-response relationship. These DEGs were enriched in 32 pathways in total, including those involved in oxidative stress, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, and nuclear receptor-related pathways, using the IPA pathway analysis. Among them, three enriched pathways overlapped between TCIPP and TnBP, including TR/RXR activation and CAR/RXR activation. Additionally, DEGs were also mapped onto pathways of LXR/RXR activation and oxidative stress for TnBP exposure only. Conclusion: Both TCIPP and TnBP have growth and developmental toxicities in zebrafish embryos, with distinct biomolecular mechanisms, and TnBP has a stronger effect than TCIPP.